Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Instituciones de Salud/tendencias , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Máscaras/tendencias , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/tendencias , Medicina Reproductiva/tendencias , Telemedicina/tendencias , Tasa de Natalidad/tendencias , Humanos , Aceptación de la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
As one of the major approaches in combating the COVID-19 pandemics, the availability of specific and reliable assays for the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome and its proteins is essential to identify the infection in suspected populations, make diagnoses in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals, and determine clearance of the virus after the infection. For these purposes, use of the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for detection of the viral nucleic acid remains the most valuable in terms of its specificity, fast turn-around, high-throughput capacity, and reliability. It is critical to update the sequences of primers and probes to ensure the detection of newly emerged variants. Various assays for increased levels of IgG or IgM antibodies are available for detecting ongoing or past infection, vaccination responses, and persistence and for identifying high titers of neutralizing antibodies in recovered individuals. Viral genome sequencing is increasingly used for tracing infectious sources, monitoring mutations, and subtype classification and is less valuable in diagnosis because of its capacity and high cost. Nanopore target sequencing with portable options is available for a quick process for sequencing data. Emerging CRISPR-Cas-based assays, such as SHERLOCK and AIOD-CRISPR, for viral genome detection may offer options for prompt and point-of-care detection. Moreover, aptamer-based probes may be multifaceted for developing portable and high-throughput assays with fluorescent or chemiluminescent probes for viral proteins. In conclusion, assays are available for viral genome and protein detection, and the selection of specific assays depends on the purposes of prevention, diagnosis and pandemic control, or monitoring of vaccination efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Prueba de COVID-19/métodos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Antígenos Virales/análisis , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/virología , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/métodos , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/tendencias , Prueba Serológica para COVID-19/métodos , Prueba Serológica para COVID-19/tendencias , Prueba de COVID-19/tendencias , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/tendencias , Mutación , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/tendencias , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , ARN Viral/análisis , ARN Viral/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/tendencias , SARS-CoV-2/clasificación , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/tendenciasRESUMEN
The current pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) has raised significant public health concern. Rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for early treatment and control of the disease spread. In the past few years, CRISPR technology has shown great potential for highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics. Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing interest in implementing CRISPR-based diagnostic principles to develop fast and precise methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we reviewed and summarized these CRISPR-based diagnostic systems as well as their characteristics and challenges. We also provided future perspectives of CRISPR-based sensing towards point-of-care molecular diagnosis applications.